시간 제한메모리 제한제출정답맞힌 사람정답 비율
1 초 128 MB310532914.216%

문제

Byteasar는 새로운 궁전을 지었다. 그 궁전은 N개의 방과 N-1개의 통로가 방을 잇고 있다. 각각의 통로는 정확히 두 개의 방을 연결한다. 방은 1부터 N까지 번호를 가지며, 궁전으로 가는 유일한 입구는 1번 방이다. 모든 방은 입구에서부터의 경로가 유일하다. 즉, 방들은 트리 구조를 이루고 있다.

이 궁전의 소방국장은 건물 내부에 소화기를 배치하려 한다. 그는 다음의 규칙대로 소화기를 배치할 것이다.

  • 소화기는 방 안에 배치되어야 하며, 하나의 방은 소화기를 몇 개라도 가질 수 있다.
  • 하나의 소화기는 그 소화기가 위치한 방에서 K개의 통로 이내에 떨어져 있는 방까지 지킬 수 있다. 이를 소화기의 '영역'이라 하자.
  • 각각의 방은 하나 이상의 소화기의 영역에 들어야 한다. 
  • 각 소화기는 최대 S개의 방을 영역으로 가질 수 있다.

Byteasar는 궁전을 짓느라 국고 대부분을 탕진한 상태다. 따라서 그는 궁전의 모든 방을 화재의 위험에서 벗어나도록 하는 소화기의 배치 중 최소 개수의 소화기가 배치되기를 원한다. Byteasar를 도와주자!

입력

표준 입력의 첫 줄은 N, S, K가 공백을 두고 입력된다. (1 ≤ N ≤ 100,000, 1 ≤ S ≤ N, 1 ≤ K ≤ 20) 다음으로 N-1줄 동안 두 개의 정수가 공백을 두고 입력된다. i+1번째 줄은 xi와 yi를 입력받는데, 이는 xi와 yi를 연결하는 간선이라는 뜻이다.

출력

필요한 최소 개수의 소화기를 출력하여라.

예제 입력 1

12 3 1
1 12
3 8
7 8
8 9
2 12
10 12
9 12
4 8
5 8
8 11
6 8

예제 출력 1

4

힌트

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

출처

Olympiad > Polish Olympiad in Informatics > POI 2008/2009 > Stage 1 1번